Many people are exposed to fractures at different stages of their lives, which requires the use of plaster or splints, as these methods contribute to supporting the bones to heal properly, and help the tissues to grow again around the bones. However, there is a difference between plaster and splinting in terms of meaning and function, which we will review in this article, Dalili Medical.

**What is the shape of a splint?**

 

Splints vary in shape depending on their type, but they are usually a piece of wood or similar that is fixed to the injured area to prevent its movement. Splints are commonly used in cases of dislocation or fractures that affect the limbs. In cases of fractures that occur in the spine or pelvis, stretchers and boards are used instead of splints, especially when transporting the patient.

Splints are made of a variety of materials, and must be straight, solid, and lightweight. The area of ​​the splint should also be larger than the size of the injured part. Some internal splints made of metal and wires are used to repair fractures, after a surgical procedure to open the skin.

**What is the difference between a cast and a splint?**

 

Some people may think that there is no difference between a cast and a splint, as they think that they are similar and have the same uses. However, there are some differences that can be summarized as follows:

- **Splint**: It is a support used in cases of minor injuries such as arm and leg fractures, and is placed on the injured part to reduce the swelling resulting from the injury.

- **Gypsum**: It is made by mixing it with water to form a solid material that is wrapped around the bones to stabilize them and help them heal.

**How ​​long is a cast used on the foot?**

 

The duration of using a cast on the foot varies based on the assessment of the specialist doctor, who determines it according to the health condition of the foot. In some cases, the fixation period may reach forty days, and it may extend up to 6 weeks to ensure complete healing of the bones. In some cases, the patient may need to undergo surgery to return the bones to their normal position and fix them using metal screws. In all cases, the treating physician has the final say in this regard.

**What is the difference between a splint and a cast?**

 

The difference between a splint and a cast lies in the materials used to make each, the duration of use, and the type of injuries they are used to treat. Generally, a cast is used to treat bone fractures, where it is wrapped around the injured limb to form a cast that covers it completely, and can only be removed in the doctor's office. In contrast, a splint can be easily adjusted or removed, and does not cover the entire injured limb.

What are the components of a splint and how is it used?

 

A splint can be considered a type of cast, but it does not cover the entire limb. A splint is easy to remove, as it is usually held in place using special tapes. This means that the splint can be easily adjusted to fit the limb as the swelling from the injury subsides. As with a cast, cotton padding should be applied to the skin before applying the splint. Often, it is preferable to use a splint initially when there is severe swelling. This is because the splint will begin to feel loose as the swelling subsides. Since a cast cannot be adjusted, it makes more sense to use an adjustable splint first before moving on to a cast eventually. For this reason, a splint is often used as a first-line treatment in emergency cases for bone fractures, to stabilize the fracture until the patient is transported for more accurate examinations and to confirm the condition of the bone.

When are casts and splints removed?

 

The period of time a cast and splint will remain in place before being removed ranges from several days to several weeks, depending on the type of injury. If the injured area is very swollen, an adjustable splint may be used initially. Splints often need to be adjusted during the first few days if the injury is swollen. As the swelling goes down, the splint may become loose, while if the swelling increases, the splint may become too tight. If a cast is needed, the doctor will remove the splint and apply a cast, which provides greater stability to the injured limb or bone.

Which is better: a cast or a splint?

 

This depends on what the doctor decides to treat the injury. The choice of a cast or splint depends on the severity of the fracture and the extent of the swelling.

**The difference between a splint and a cast in treating fractures and the method of installation and removal**

When a severe fracture occurs, such as fractures resulting from falling from a great height or traffic accidents, the tissues surrounding the bone are affected, including ligaments, tendons, and muscles. These injuries may be accompanied by profuse bleeding and noticeable swelling. In such cases, doctors prefer to use a splint, because it provides greater comfort to the injured area, and it can be easily adjusted in the event of changes in the level of swelling.

After the swelling has completely subsided, the doctor may recommend using a cast, although it is heavier and may be somewhat uncomfortable, it provides better support and stability compared to a cast.

In cases of mild fractures, where there is no significant risk of swelling, doctors often prefer to use casts to stabilize the fracture. After placing the cast around the injured limb, appointments should be made to follow up on the fracture using X-rays. When it is confirmed that the fracture has completely healed, the doctor removes the cast using a saw equipped with a flat, round metal blade.

**How ​​to apply and remove a splint and plaster and its duration:**

 

Splints and plaster are used to treat and correct bone problems, as the bones are splinted after an injury due to swelling of the affected area, and in some cases the entire area may be splinted. The plaster can be replaced several times if it becomes loose, providing more freedom and flexibility of movement. As for the splint, it is not replaced, but can be modified by tightening, reducing or increasing its size depending on the nature of the fracture.

**The difference between a splint and a plaster in treating fractures and the method of application and removal:**

The installation process is done by fixing the splint around the fracture using an elastic bandage or other materials.As for the cast, it comes in the form of wet rolls or strips made of dry gauze or dextrose and calcium sulfate. The following steps will explain how to apply and remove the cast.

**Application:** Before the casting process begins, the injured or broken area is wrapped with a small piece of cloth. The area is then wrapped with a pad or padding to protect the skin and provide the appropriate and flexible pressure that helps healing, as this padding is made of pure cotton or any soft material. After that, the casting process, also known as the casting process, is carried out, where the material used for the casting is poured around the injured or broken area, and left to dry for 10 to 15 minutes.

**Removal:** When the bone is completely healed, the doctor removes the cast using a special tool known as a saw. The cast is cut using the metal blade inside the saw without injuring the skin or causing any damage. As for the internal fillings, they are removed using scissors. The splint is usually attached with Velco tapes or bandages, which is not possible with plaster. The splint can also be easily removed, unlike plaster, which requires the use of a saw or blade. In addition, making a splint takes less time than making a plaster.

Upper limb splints are considered one of the most important types of foot splints.

We cannot talk about the types of foot splints without mentioning the medical splints designated for the upper limbs of the body, such as the shoulder and hands, which include the following:

- **Finger splint**: aims to stabilize the finger joint until it returns to its normal position after the injury.

- **Full finger splint**: used to treat thumb injuries, as it helps control its movement.

- **Wrist splint**: works to support the wrist joint.

- **Hand immobilization splints**: used in cases of wrist fractures and hand problems.

- **Dynamic splint**: contributes to improving the functional performance of the hand.

- **Forearm and ulna splints**: They are essential to support the forearm bone and help it flex and extend the muscles.

- **Elbow splint**: They help stabilize the elbow area and facilitate its movement without feeling pain.

- **Shoulder splint**: They contribute to stabilizing the shoulder blade.

- **Humeral fracture splints**: They are used in cases of humerus fractures.

The difference between the types of foot splints and upper limb splints lies in the anatomical structure of the lower and upper limbs, as the lower limbs do not require complex installations as is the case with the types designated for the upper limbs.

**Types of medical splints**

There are many types and shapes of medical splints that should be available in all hospitals and private clinics, as they are used over clothing or shoes. Medical splints are divided into several categories, as follows:

. **Rigid splint**: They are made of solid materials and are placed in front, behind, or next to the broken limb. If properly fixed, they prevent movement in the fracture area.

. **Tension splint**: It is a rigid splint that is fixed to the dislocated or fractured part to prevent its movement, as it is fixed using a fixed tension on the injured limb.

. **Gypsum splint**: It is considered one of the most common types, and consists of white plaster and water. Before placing it on the injured area, a piece of gauze is wrapped around it, then a piece of cotton is placed, and then the plaster is applied until it dries completely. What distinguishes this type is the ease of shaping it to fit the targeted area, in addition to its price that is suitable for everyone, but it may be heavy for young children.

**Plastic splint**: The plastic splint is made of fiberglass, and is considered one of the most common types at the present time. It is applied to the injured area in a manner similar to placing a plaster splint, as the plastic fibers are moistened and then placed on cloth and cotton, leaving it until it dries completely. Despite its higher cost compared to traditional splints, it has many advantages, such as its light weight, and the possibility of performing X-rays in the fracture area without having to remove it, as the fiberglass allows the rays to pass through.

**Support splint:** The support splint is made of hard plastic and contains a support that is fixed to the injured area. It is fixed using a set of strips that can be easily removed. It can be used after removing the basic splint as a complementary treatment, but this should be done under the supervision of the attending physician.

**Half splint:** The half splint is used in cases of swelling in the injured area, as it does not cover the entire area. It should be applied completely after the swelling has subsided. It can be made of materials such as metal, gypsum, plastic, or any other material according to the specialist physician's assessment.

**Types of gypsum for bones:**

There are several types of gypsum for bones, which vary according to the type of fracture, the location of the injury, and the patient's needs. Among these types are:

- **Traditional gypsum:** It is used to fix simple fractures, as it provides strong and stable support for the broken bones.

- **Plastic gypsum:** It is characterized by its light weight and flexibility, making it suitable for fracture cases that require flexible fixation and long-term support.

- **Water cast:** Waterproof and easy to clean, used in cases where the affected area needs to be kept clean.

- **Fiber-reinforced cast:** Provides additional support and greater durability, making it an ideal choice for some types of complex fractures.

**Types of medical casts**

**Scotch cast:**Scotch cast is one of the most prominent types of cast, as it has several properties that make it the ideal choice. It is characterized by its light weight and ability to breathe, which prevents the cast from sticking to the skin.

**Softkist:** This type is derived from Scotch cast, and is characterized by its flexibility. It is usually used after bone surgeries, as it is wrapped over the plastic cast.

**NM-caste:** This type is characterized by its composition similar to the industrial mesh, as it contains large cells and is also characterized by its light weight. It is used especially in the treatment of osteoarthritisThe arm, and is easy to disassemble.

**Types of plaster used in treating fractures**

When a fracture occurs, plaster is used to stabilize the broken bones and support the healing process properly. There are several types of plaster used according to the condition of the fracture, the most prominent of which are:

Regular plaster Regular plaster, also known as plaster of Paris, is one of the most common types in treating fractures. It consists of a chemical known as calcium sulfate. It is characterized by its ease of shaping around the fracture area, but it may be relatively heavy and not waterproof, which may make it uncomfortable for the patient in some cases.

**. Modern plaster (artificial plaster)** Modern plaster, also known as plastic plaster or fiberglass plaster, is an advanced alternative to traditional plaster. It is characterized by its light weight, flexibility and waterproofness, making it a preferred choice for many patients. It also allows the skin to breathe better, which reduces the possibility of skin infections.

** Foot plaster** This type of plaster is used to stabilize fractures of the foot or leg. It is usually made of traditional plaster or fiberglass, depending on the nature of the fracture and the doctor's recommendations. It is designed in a way that provides adequate support for the leg and facilitates the healing process of the fracture.

What are the complications associated with the use of a splint and cast?

 

Complications can range from mild to serious, and may vary depending on the duration of use of the splint or cast. These complications include:

**Compartment syndrome:** is a serious condition that occurs when a cast or splint is too tight on a swollen limb. As the pressure inside the cast increases, damage to the muscles, nerves, or blood vessels in the covered area may occur. If this condition is not detected and treated quickly, it can lead to permanent damage. You should contact your doctor or visit the emergency room immediately if you notice: increased pain or swelling, a feeling of numbness or tingling in the affected limb, a burning or stinging sensation in the skin, or if the skin is cold, pale, or blue.

**Pressure sores:** Skin ulcers may develop under a cast or splint, especially if the cast is too tight or ill-fitting, putting extra pressure on the affected area and causing ulcers.

**Splint and cast care tips**

To help speed up healing and keep the affected limb stable, it is recommended to follow these guidelines:

To reduce pain and swelling, it is best to keep the affected arm or leg elevated for one to three days after applying the cast or splint. The affected limb should be higher than your heart to facilitate fluid drainage.

Before showering, be sure to cover the cast or splint with a plastic bag to keep it clean and dry. If the fiberglass cast becomes wet, you can use a hair dryer on the cool setting to dry it. If the cast does not dry or if the skin under the cast is wet, it is best to contact your doctor. Although the fiberglass used in casts and some types of splints may be waterproof, the inner layer is not.

Avoid putting pressure on the cast. If you have an injury to your leg that was treated with a cast, make sure the cast is completely hardened before you try to walk on it.

Do not put anything inside the cast or splint, and avoid using lotions or powders on the skin under the cast or splint.

Do not try to scratch the itchy skin under the cast with sharp objects, as this can lead to infection if the skin cracks.

Contact your doctor if you notice a strange or unpleasant odor coming from the cast, as sweat or moisture under the cast can cause mold to grow, which can lead to skin cracking and infection if it remains wet for a long time.

Do not try to remove the cast yourself, and avoid cutting rough areas around the edge of the cast.

**Complications of using medical splints**

The patient may experience some complications as a result of using a medical splint, which may be mild or severe depending on the length of time the splint is in place, the most important of which are the following:

Skin ulcers. This problem usually appears as a result of excessive pressure with the splint on the affected area, which increases the pressure on one area and then the ulcers appear.

Muscle and blood vessel damage as a result of pressure with the splint on the areas suffering from the swelling. The attending physician should be contacted immediately if any of the following symptoms appear:

Numbness and tingling in the affected limb.

The skin appears pale or cold or bluish tinges appear on it.

Skin burns.

A clear increase in pain or swelling that does not go away with time.

**Important tips for taking care of medical splints**

Doctors provide a set of tips for patients after installing medical splints, in order to preserve them and benefit from their benefits. The most prominent of these tips are:

1. **Avoid pressure on the splint**: The splint should not be pressed, especially if it is still soft. In case of injury to the legs or feet, it is preferable not to move them until they are completely dry and hard.

2. **Keep the splint clean**: Keeping the splint clean is essential to maintain the health of the skin underneath it. If the splint is exposed to moisture, a hair dryer can be used on a cold setting to dry it, which helps avoid serious complications.

3. **Cover the splint**: It is recommended to cover the splint using plastic bags or special tapes available in pharmacies.

4. **Avoid using lotions**: No lotions or products should be applied to the skin under the splint except under medical supervision.

5. **Deal with itching with caution**: Some people may feel itchy after a period of applying the splint, in which case you should avoid using sharp tools or scratching the skin to avoid wounds and skin problems.

6. **Contact your doctor**: In the event of any problem or inquiry, it is preferable to contact your doctor to obtain appropriate advice.