Causes of alopecia in men and women and methods of treatment

Causes of alopecia in men and women, ways to prevent it, and how to stop its spread: This is what we will learn through the Dalili Medical website.

**What is alopecia?**

Alopecia is a skin condition that affects the hair areas of the skin, leading to baldness in specific areas. Alopecia often occurs separately without being associated with other diseases, and hair grows back normally after a period of time. Some types of alopecia areata result from a malfunction in the immune system, such as alopecia areata, which can sometimes lead to complete hair loss, a condition known as "alopecia universalis".

**What is the difference between alopecia and hair loss?**

Many people wonder how to distinguish between alopecia and hair loss. Alopecia areata, also known as alopecia areata, alopecia areata, or bald spot, is a disease that affects the immune system and causes hair loss in specific areas of the scalp and beard mainly. Hair loss may also occur in other areas of the body, partially or completely. Hair loss can be temporary or permanent, depending on the patient’s condition and the body’s response to the disease. Hair loss is a condition characterized by specific bald spots on the scalp, and may be caused by several factors such as psychological stress, autoimmune diseases, and medications. This condition appears in the form of clear and specific bald spots, and may increase in size over time.

There are some basic differences between alopecia areata and hair loss:

**Shape**: Alopecia areata results in circular or oval patches of hair loss, while hair loss results in small patches of hair loss.

**Size**: Alopecia areata patches can be large or small, while hair loss patches are usually small.

**Extension**: Alopecia can affect the scalp or the entire body, while hair loss is limited to the scalp only.

**Cause**: Alopecia areata results from genetic or immune factors, while hair loss can be the result of a variety of causes, such as psychological trauma, medications, or certain medical conditions.

**People at risk of developing alopecia areata**:

Alopecia areata affects all age groups of both sexes, regardless of their race, and often appears in the second and third decades of life. People with other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, lupus, and some thyroid problems (such as Hashimoto's disease), are more likely to develop alopecia than others. Individuals who have relatives with alopecia areata are also more likely to develop alopecia areata.

**How ​​serious is alopecia?**

Alopecia is not considered a serious disease, as it does not affect general health and does not cause any pain or fatigue that requires bed rest. However, it greatly affects the external appearance, which may negatively affect the individual's social life, and may lead to complex psychological crises.

**Is alopecia contagious?**

Alopecia is a non-contagious disease and cannot be transmitted from one person to another. As mentioned earlier, alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease, as it is not caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Rather, the main cause behind the infection is the attack of some lymphocytes on the hair follicles.

**What do you know about alopecia areata?**

Alopecia barbae is the medical term for hair loss in the beard area. Unlike male pattern baldness, which usually results in hair loss in large areas of the head, alopecia areata causes hair loss in small, circular patches. Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the body, including hair follicles, inhibiting them and not stimulating them to produce new hair. If you suffer from alopecia areata, you may notice hair loss on your cheeks, chin, neck, and around your lips. Alopecia areata usually appears in small patches, and in some cases it may lead to complete loss of hair on the beard.

**Types of Alopecia (Alopecia)**

1. Alopecia areata

2. Alopecia universalis

3. Alopecia totalis

4. Congenital alopecia

5. Hereditary baldness

6. Alopecia areata

7. Alopecia areata

8. Alopecia areata compression

9. Alopecia vesiculosus

10. Alopecia follicularis

11. Traumatic alopecia

12. Toxic alopecia

13. Traction alopecia

14. Senile alopecia

15. Alopecia areata circumscribed

16. Cicatricial alopecia

17. Alopecia marginalis

18. Hereditary alopecia

19. Frontal alopecia areata

20. Alopecia areata versicolor

21. Lipoedematous alopecia

**Symptoms of alopecia areata**

There are many symptoms that indicate that a person has alopecia areata, and the disease can be diagnosed through the appearance of certain signs, the most prominent of which are Symptoms:

- Hair loss is the main symptom of alopecia areata, usually occurring in small patches on the scalp, no larger than a few centimeters, making them similar to the size of a coin.

- Hair loss may also occur in other areas of the body, such as facial hair, beard, eyebrows, eyelashes, and body hair.

- Spots and gaps appear that vary in size from person to person, depending on the condition of the disease.

- Some small gaps can form in groups, leading to the formation of a larger patch of alopecia.

- Symptoms vary depending on the type of alopecia a person suffers from; for example, if the patient has alopecia totalis, he or she is likely to lose all of his or her hair.

- Hair growth in the gaps may begin a few months after alopecia areata.

- Sometimes, nails can be affected by alopecia areata, as they may appear scratched, cracked, or painful.

- Nails may turn red and become more brittle.

 Causes of alopecia in men

1. Diabetics are more susceptible to alopecia due to a malfunction in the autoimmune system.

2. Rheumatoid arthritis.

3.There may be genetic factors that contribute to the disease.

4. Psychological stress, tension, and depression.

5. Eczema.

6. Thyroid diseases.

Symptoms of alopecia include the sudden appearance of circular or oval spots on different areas of the body, such as the head, mustache, eyebrows, eyelashes, and beard, without any skin inflammation, itching, or redness. This disease is not contagious, but it is recommended not to use the patient's personal tools.

 Associated skin diseases

Individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as alopecia areata, are more likely to develop other immune diseases, including diseases that affect the skin and hair. If you suffer from alopecia and another skin condition at the same time, treating one may help improve the other, while it may hinder treatment in some cases.

The most prominent skin diseases that may accompany alopecia areata are psoriasis and eczema.

Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes a rapid buildup of skin cells, as the immune system mistakenly attacks these cells, leading to an overproduction of skin cells. This buildup results in thick patches of skin known as plaques, as well as red, inflamed areas. If a person has alopecia areata and psoriasis at the same time, this can lead to increased hair loss, as the flaking caused by psoriasis makes the skin itchy, which prompts the person to scratch, which in turn increases hair loss. Additionally, the biological treatments often used to treat psoriasis, known as TNF inhibitors, can sometimes cause hair loss or increase hair growth, depending on the patient’s condition and the doctor’s instructions. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is also associated with alopecia areata, where inflammation causes a red rash known as eczema. There are treatment options for atopic dermatitis, such as steroid creams and phototherapy, which can interfere with hair loss treatments. Therefore, treating either condition may help improve the other. An important option for treating both atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata is a class of medications known as JAK inhibitors.

What are the risk factors for alopecia areata?

Factors that make some people more susceptible to alopecia areata include genetics and severe psychological stress. People of all ages can develop alopecia areata, but the most common age is in childhood and adolescence. The earlier alopecia areata is treated, the better the outcome. Risk factors can be ranked as follows:

1. Genetic predisposition and family history.

2. Severe psychological stress that may make a person susceptible to alopecia areata.

3. People with autoimmune diseases.

4. People with Down syndrome.

**Age:** People under the age of 40.

**Gender:** Men are more susceptible than women.

**Complications of alopecia areata in the hair:**

In severe cases of alopecia areata that affect the scalp, the condition may progress to another disease known as alopecia areata.

**Alopecia areata:** It is considered a complication of alopecia, and appears with symptoms of severe inflammation that causes pain in the affected area, leading to the appearance of swellings from which pus and pus come out, in addition to the appearance of thick yellow crust on the scalp. The hair in this area becomes weak and easy to pull out. When symptoms of Alopecia areata appear, the patient should visit a dermatologist immediately, as this condition can lead to permanent hair loss and scarring.

**Symptoms of Alopecia in women:**

The symptoms of alopecia in women vary depending on the cause of the infection, and among these symptoms are:

- Thinning of hair on the scalp and increased coarseness of hair on the face, which may occur as a result of changes in androgen levels.

- Gradual thinning of hair at the top of the head, leading to a noticeable decrease in its density.

- The appearance of incomplete circular spots on the scalp or eyebrows, which is a common sign of alopecia areata.

- The presence of dandruff on the scalp, which may be associated with stress or skin conditions such as psoriasis.

- A slight itching sensation in the skin, which may indicate inflammation or infection.

- Sudden and unexpected hair loss, which may be the result of psychological or physical shock.

- Hair loss throughout the body in some severe cases.

- Hair breakage, which may indicate a lack of nutrition or insufficient hair care.

- Redness and swelling of the scalp, indicating inflammation or sensitivity

**Causes of alopecia in women**

Alopecia is an autoimmune disorder that leads to hair loss, and the causes that lead to its appearance in women vary. Among the possible factors that may contribute to the occurrence of alopecia areata:

- **Genetic factors**: as it can be transmitted through genes from one of the parents.

- **Hormonal changes**: are among the most common causes, especially with age and menopause.

- **Autoimmune disorders**: such as alopecia areata, where the immune system attacks the hair follicles.

- **Androgen levels imbalance**: which may affect hair growth.

- **Serious illness**: such as severe infection, high fever, or surgery.

- **Polycystic ovary syndrome**: which may play a role in hair loss.

- **Drug treatments**: such as chemotherapy for cancer, which can have side effects that lead to hair loss.

- **Tight hairstyles**: may increase the likelihood of hair loss and loss

**Types of alopecia in women**

There are several types of alopecia that women may suffer from, which are as follows:

1. **Alopecia areata**: It is an autoimmune condition that leads to hair loss in the form of circular patches on the scalp and sometimes in other areas of the body. This condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, leading to hair loss

Hair. The exact causes of this condition are unknown, but it is thought that genetic factors and stress may play a role.

2. **Alopecia universalis**: This condition is a more severe form of alopecia areata, in which hair loss occurs completely on the scalp. It is also considered an autoimmune condition, and is relatively rare. It may be accompanied by other symptoms such as changes in the shape of the nails.

3. **Alopecia universalis**: This condition is the most severe form of alopecia, in which hair loss occurs all over the body, including eyebrows, eyelashes, and body hair. Like other types, alopecia universalis is considered an autoimmune condition, and is considered very rare.

**Herbal Treatment of Alopecia in Women**

Some herbs and natural ingredients are sometimes used to treat alopecia, a condition that causes hair loss. Here are some suggested natural methods:

- **Lavender Oil**: It has antimicrobial properties and may help stimulate hair growth. It is used by massaging the affected area with diluted lavender oil after bathing, then leaving the oil for 5 to 10 minutes before washing it.

- **Castor Oil**: Castor oil is rich in vitamins and nutrients that may support hair growth and help treat alopecia. It can be used by applying it to the affected area twice daily.

- **Rosemary Oil**: This oil is known for its effectiveness in improving hair density and promoting its growth. Studies indicate its great benefits when used topically on the scalp.

- **Almond Oil**: Almond oil is effective in stimulating hair growth, combating hair loss and increasing its density, in addition to its ability to get rid of dandruff and itching. It is best to use it on the hair directly after bathing.

**Flax Seeds**: Flax seeds are a rich source of fatty acids and omega 3, which makes them beneficial for hair and body health. These seeds help prevent hair loss and baldness. They can be used in the diet or topically as a gel. To prepare the gel, add a quantity of flax seeds to a cup of water and let it boil on low heat for 10 minutes until it turns into a thick gel. This gel can be used to massage the hairless areas on the head and chin as an effective treatment.

**Garlic:** Garlic has many anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, and plays an essential role in treating alopecia. It is recommended to massage the affected area with garlic and leave it for half an hour, then rinse it well with water and shampoo to get rid of its smell.

**Onion juice and honey:** This mixture contains an abundant amount of sulfur, which helps fight free radical damage, improve blood circulation in the scalp, and promote hair growth. Studies have shown the importance of onion juice in treating alopecia. Mix a spoonful of honey with a spoonful of onion juice, then apply the mixture to the affected area and leave it for an hour, then rinse it with cold water.

**Fenugreek:** Fenugreek contains a variety of compounds and proteins that help rebuild hair and get rid of damaged cells. Soak half a cup of fenugreek seeds in two cups of water overnight. After that, the water is filtered and the wet seeds are placed in an electric blender with a small amount of water added to obtain a cohesive mixture. The hair is massaged with the paste and left for half an hour, then washed with shampoo and water.

**Green tea:** Green tea enhances blood flow to the scalp, which increases the nutrition received by the hair and scalp, thus helping to prevent hair loss. Green tea contains vitamins E and C, which are known for their ability to stimulate hair growth. Boil a quantity of green tea with the addition of a little hibiscus. Use a piece of cotton to dip it in the mixture and apply it to the area affected by alopecia.

**Almond oil:** Almond oil is effective in stimulating hair growth, preventing hair loss and increasing its density. It also helps in getting rid of dandruff and the accompanying itching of the scalp. It is recommended to apply the oil to the hair immediately after showering.

**Treatment of alopecia in women's hair from the pharmacy**

Inquiries are increasing about the best treatments available in pharmacies to treat alopecia in women's hair, and the options available for these treatments. It is important to emphasize the importance of consulting a specialist doctor and conducting the necessary tests before using any treatment. Treatment options available in pharmacies vary, including:

- Solutions applied directly to the scalp.

- Injections given directly to the scalp.

- Preparations such as paints, creams and ointments for topical use.

- Sprays designed to treat the gaps resulting from alopecia, also known as sprays.

- Medications taken orally.

**Treatment of alopecia with medications**

Here are some examples of medications used to treat alopecia:

- **Corticosteroids**: These steroids are used to treat immune diseases and are a potential option for treating alopecia. They can be injected locally into the affected area every 4 to 8 weeks, or used as creams or ointments daily. They are also available in the form of oral tablets for some more advanced cases.

- **Topical immunotherapies**: These treatments aim to stimulate hair growth by causing an allergic reaction when applied to the affected area. This treatment is applied weekly and left on the affected area for 48 hours.

- **Minoxidil**: This solution is commonly used to treat baldness and may be suitable for some cases of alopecia. The treatment may take about 12 weeks before results appear, and it is a good option especially for children due to the few side effects.

- **Anthralin**: This medication can be used on areas affected by alopecia in certain cases, and may be used in conjunction with minoxidil to promote hair growth.

- **Methotrexate**: In cases of advanced alopecia, the doctor may prescribe methotrexate, and it may take 6 to 12 months to see results in hair growth.

- **Enzyme inhibitors

Janus kinase**: In cases that do not respond to other treatments, the doctor may resort to prescribing Janus kinase inhibitors.

**Methods of treating alopecia permanently**

Hair can grow back naturally without the need for treatment, but this may take a long time, which negatively affects the patient's social life. Therefore, treatments at Al-Haramain Medical Complex aim to control the disease by reducing the spread of bald spots and accelerating hair growth. Results vary from one patient to another based on the immune system's response to the treatments followed. One of the following treatment methods can be followed:

**Corticosteroids**: Corticosteroids are used to treat alopecia in several ways, such as topical creams, injections, or oral pills.

**Steroid injections**: Injections are one of the most common methods for treating alopecia, especially in cases of limited baldness. The injections are performed by a specialist dermatologist in the affected areas. For best results, injections should be repeated every 4 to 6 weeks, as hair begins to grow again within one to two months of starting treatment.

**Steroid pills**: Oral corticosteroids should be used for a short period of time, as they can cause several side effects, including immune suppression. Prednisone is usually used for no more than 6 weeks.

**Topical corticosteroids**: These are available in the form of creams or ointments, and are applied once or twice daily to the affected areas. This method is not associated with serious side effects, but it is considered less effective, especially in adults.

**Minoxidil**: It is effective in treating alopecia areata of the head and beard, whether in children or adults. Minoxidil is available in various topical forms, such as foam and shampoo, and in different concentrations, with 5% concentration being most commonly used. Treatment with minoxidil requires daily application to the bald areas, and hair is expected to begin to appear after about 12 weeks of starting treatment. For permanent results, it should be used for at least 6 months.

**Treatment of alopecia in the chin with medications**:

- **Corticosteroids**: These are anti-inflammatory drugs that suppress immunity, which helps in treating localized hair loss. Treatment can be in the form of topical ointments or injections.

- **Minoxidil**: It is used as a topical preparation to treat alopecia, and is applied daily to accelerate hair growth and improve its thickness in the affected areas.

- **Anthralin**: It is a topical treatment used to control hair growth, and although it is usually used to treat psoriasis, it is sometimes used to treat alopecia and other types of hair loss.

Diphencyprone (DPCP): This drug depends on stimulating the immune system by causing an allergic reaction characterized by redness, swelling and itching, and it takes three months for the result to appear.

Can hair transplantation be done for a patient with alopecia?

Usually, the process of hair growth after alopecia is one of the things that preoccupies many people, as there is a kind of fear and confusion regarding the rate of hair growth after treating alopecia. The following are the most important stages of hair growth after alopecia:

Hair grows naturally and at a normal rate even without treating alopecia in most cases, but the dilemma in this case is the possibility of hair loss again, in addition to the fact that the result of treatment depends on the extent of the immune system's response to it. There are some simple cases in which hair loss can spread in more than one scattered place in the scalp, and in this case the chance of stopping hair growth in these areas is greater. It is worth noting that hair loss does not necessarily always indicate alopecia, as there are many other reasons that can lead to hair loss, such as increased exposure to stress and psychological pressure, or Childbirth, where women after childbirth are more susceptible to alopecia than ever.

Diphencyprone (DPCP) is a drug that relies on stimulating the immune system by causing an allergic reaction characterized by redness, swelling and itching, and the results take about three months to appear.

Can hair be transplanted for a patient with alopecia?

The process of hair growth after alopecia is one of the things that worries many, as some feel fear and confusion about the rate of hair growth after treatment. The following are the most important stages of hair growth after alopecia:

Hair usually grows naturally and at a normal rate even in the absence of alopecia treatment in most cases. However, the problem lies in the possibility of hair loss again. The effectiveness of the treatment also depends on the extent of the immune system's response. There are some simple cases that may lead to hair loss in scattered areas of the scalp, which increases the possibility of stopping hair growth in those areas. It is important to note that hair loss does not necessarily mean alopecia, as there are many other causes that may lead to hair loss, such as excessive exposure to stress and psychological pressure, or changes that occur after childbirth, as women are more susceptible to alopecia during this period.